Internal-combustion engine.



O. M. GARLAND; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYs, 3910-,

Patented June 20; 19.11.

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0. M. GARLAND. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLfGATION FILED JULY 5, 1 910.

Patent ed June 20, 1911.

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I'IEE gTATEg PATENT @FEIQE.

I CLAUDE IVIJGARLAND, OF URBANA, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern: v

Be it known that I, CLAUDE M. GARLAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Urba'na, in the county of Champaign and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates tion engines.

An important object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion engine, with means for injecting a cooling medium within the cylinder of the same, so that the inner walls of said cylinder and other surfaces exposed .tothe heat of combustion of the fuel, may be reduced in temperature during the exhaust strokes, sufliciently to allow of a high compression of the charge of fuel and air within the same, before such charge is ignited.

An important object of this invention is to provide an engine of the character described, which is simple in construction, cheap to manufacture, positive in its operation, of high efficiency, developing a high power for a given size of cylinder and using a small amount of cooling water.

It is well known that the explosive pressure of a charge of fuel and air, when'ignited in the cylinder of an engine, is dependent upon the pressure that such charge is subjected to, at the time of ignition. In my engine the fuel and air may be subjected to a very high degree of compression, before being ignited, whereby the operation of the engine is rendered very eflicient. This high degree of compression of the fuel and air or charge, is rendered SSlbl6 by the proper cooling of the inner walls of the explosion cylinder. If the inner walls of the explosion cylinder and other surfaces exposed to the heat of combustion are" not properly cooled, they impart their heat to the charge, which charge, when being compressed to a high degree may be prematurely ignited.

to internal combus- The premature ignition of the charge in the manner above stated, may result in serious accidents, and has limited to a certain degree, the high compression of the charge before being ignited. In my engine, I introduce a cooling. medium such as water, into the explosion cylinder, at or just before the exhaust port is opened, whereby the water is converted into steam and the inner walls of the explosion cylinder and the exploded Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J 111 4; 2Q, 1911, Application filed.Ju1y 5, 1910. Serial No. 570,346.

charge which is being exhausted, are reduced in temperature to about 300, F.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part'of this specification, wherein,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view through the cylinder of my engine, Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section through the same, Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view through a pump constituting a portion of my invention, and showing in elevation its associated members, and Fig. i is a central vertical sectional view of a modified form of engine, parts thereof being shown in elevation.

Like numerals are empl Pd to designate and exhaust ports 5 and 6. These ports are provided, as shown, with casings 7 and 8.

The casing 7 has an opening 9 formed through one of its walls, whereby fuel and air may be fed to the explosion cylinder through the port 5. The casing 7 has one end thereof closed by means of a head 10, provided centrally thereof with an apertured boss 11, through which is slidably mounted a valve stem 12. This valve stem has a valve 13 rigidly connected to the inner end thereof, which valve is adapted to open inwardly and normally close the port. 5. The valve stem 12 is provided at its outer end with a washer 14, and a compressible coil spring 15 .surrounds the valve stem, as shown, and is confined between the washer and the head 10. It is thus seen that the valve is controlled by the spring 15, and that the same will be automatically unseated when a partial vacuum is created within the explosion cylinder. The casing 8 is provided with an opening 16, and the wall of this opening serves as a seat for a valve stem The valve stem 18? is provided at its outer end witha washer 21, which engages a compressible coil spring 22 surrounding a portion of said valve stem and confined be-' tween said washer 21 and the boss 19. The

casing 8 is further provided with a cylindrical tubular portion 23, which leads into the.casing 8 and which is normally closed by a Jhead 24. The tubular portion 23 serves as means whereby access may be had to the interior of the explosion cylinder and to the valve 17 x J The valve 1-7-is not automatic in its action,. but is mechanically operated by a lever 25, which is pivoted near its center, as shown at 26, to a bracket 27 which is fixedly connected to the jacket 2 in any desired manner. K It is to be understood that the spring is much slighter than the spring 22, wheteby the valve 13 will be unseated by a vacuum within the explosion cylinder.

.The lever is oscillated by a cam 28, which is rigidly mounted upon one end of a rotary cam shaft 29. This cam shaft is journaled to a portion of'an approximately inverted L-shapcd bracket 30 which is fixedly con' nected with the jacket 2. -The cam shaft 29 extends forwardlyand longitudinally of the explosion cylinderl and is connected with the crank shaft (not shown), by suitable gearing (not shown), so that the cam shaft will be rotated one revolution for every two revolutions of said crankshaft. The-numeral 31 designates a pump, comprising a cylindrical casing 32, which is bolted or otherwise rigidly connected with one arm' of the bracket 30. A plunger 33 is mounted to reciprocate within this pump casing, and said plunger is pivotally connected with a link 34, as shown at 35, and said link is in turn pivotally connected with the lever 25, as shown at 36. The casing 32 is provided with a cylindrical internally screw threaded recess 37, to receive suitable packing for the plunger 33. A member 38 is disposed within the recess 37, as shown. The casing 32 .isyprovid'e'd with an inlet opening 39 whichhas its upper end enlarged as shown at 40,-to receive a ball-valve 41. A pipe 42 has communication with the opening 39 and has-its free "end disposed within a tank 43. This pipe is provided with a cut-off valve 44. The tank 43 is provided near its upper end with a dischargefpipe 45. A discharge pipe 46 is connected to the forward end of the jacket 2, as shown at 47, and to the lower end of the tank 43, as shown at 48'. The pipe 46 thus establishes communication between the space 3 and theinterior of the tank 43. The pump casing 32 is provided with an apertured extension 49, Within "which is screw threade'd'one end of the pipe I50. The pipe 50 is connected with a threeway valve structure 51, comprising a body portion 52, through which is formed the three ports, 53, 54 and 55. This valve structure further comprises a valve 56, rigidly mounted upon a stem 57. which is journaled through the body portion '52 and rigidly connected with a lever 58. This lever 58 is pivotally connected with alink 59, which in turn is pivotally connected to a bar 60 having connection with an annular portion 61, which, is loosely mounted within a groove formed upon the periphery of a slidable member 61 of a centrifugal governor.- This centrifugal governor comprises a rotary shaft 62, to which are pivoted arms 63 carrying the weights 64. The weights 64 are pivotally connected with the member 61 by means of links 65. It is to be understood that this centrifugal governor is driven by the crank shaft of the engine in the usual manner. r e

A pipe 67 -is suitably connected with the, valve structure 51, as shown, and extends forwardly and upwardly and is provided with an end portion 68, which passes through suit-able openings in the cylinder 1 and the jacket 2, as shown, to establish communication between the interior of the explosion cylinder 1 and the port 55. Special attention is called to the fact that the pipe 68 communicates with the interior of the cylinder 1 near its forward end, so that the same may deliver a cooling liquid upon or adjacent the piston head 4, when said piston head is in its forward position, as shown.

The axial opening of the pipe 68-is tapered,

as shown at 69, so that the liquid discharge from'the same will be sprayed. The jacket 2 is provided with a supply pipe 70, by means of which fresh water may e supplied to within the space 3, and the discharge pipe 46 connected at 47 discharging this water into tank 43 at 48. The pipe 67 is controlled by a check valve 71, comprising a casing 72, a transverse section of material 73 and a valve 74. This check valve is to prevent the pressure within the explosion cylinder from being conducted back to within the pump cylinder. Y

In the operation of the form of my invention above described, assuming that the piston 4 is in its rearmost position and. that a charge. of fuel has been introduced withinthe cylinder and compressed by the rearward movement of the piston, said charge is now ignited and the piston driven to its most forwardly position and then the cam 28 will oscillate lever 25 to unseat the valve 17. The explodedcharge may now pass through the exhaust port and the same is accordingly driven through said port 6 and pipe 20 upon the second move-- ment ofthe'piston, which is toward the rear of the engine. At about the same time that the exhaust port is opened or immediately before, a supply of water is injected through the pipe 67 into the cylinder 1. This injection of water is converted into steam and absorbs heat from the piston 4, the cylin der 1 and from the exploded charge. This steam isnow driven from the cylinder 1 through the port 6, together with the exploded charge. Owing to the property of water to absorb heat, the exploded charge will be reduced in temperature to about 300 1 whereby the explosion cylinder 1.

will not be heated above 300 F. By thus retaining the temperature of the cylinder 1 at about 300 F., the explosive charge may be highly compressed without any danger of the samebeing prematurely ignited. Upon the third and forward movement of the piston 4, the valve 17 having been seated, a partial vacuum is created within them:- plosion cylinder 1 .whereby valve 13 is unseated and a. new charge introduced into said explosion cylinder. Upon. the fourth and rearward movement of piston 4, the

valve 13-is seated and the new charge compressed. \Vhen the piston has reached its rearmost position, the charge is fired, andthe same operation is repeated. It is thus seen that whenever the exhaust port is opened the pump is actuated, and a cooling medium is introduced within the explosion cylinder. The temperature of the 'ex-t ploded charge in thecylinder 1, varies in proportion to the load placed' upon the engine, so that when'the load is taken off of the engine, the temperature of the exploded charge and the'inner wall of the cylinder 1 is reduced. This reduction in the temperature, of the charge. and thecylinder 1, is compensated for by injecting a smaller amount of the water within the cylinder. The amount of water to be injected is au" tomatically regulated by the centrifugal governor, which when the load is taken off' the engine and the engine speeds up, raises the lever 58 and rotates the valve 56 so that a portion of the water pumped through the pipe 50 ma be conducted through the pipe 66 and bac to the tank 43. A, similar action occurs when the engine slows down be low the normal running speed, so that the arm 58Iis depressed, allowing a portion 'of the water to passthrough the pipe (36 to the tank 43. When the engine stops, the

port 55 is closed by the above action. When the water is injected into-the cylinder 1, the same passes through the: tapering opening 69, whereby'such water is sprayed'into the cylinder, and its conversion into steam is rendered easier.

In Fig. 4. I have illustrated a slightly different form of my invention, and the same is embodied in a two-cycle internal combus below the exhaust port.

tion engine, comprising a cylindrical casing 75 serving as an explosion cylinder and ex-' tending downwardly to form a closed crank case 76. A hollow piston-head 77 is slidably mounted within the-explosion cylinder, and provided near its head 78 with a transverse pin 79 upon which is pivotally mounted a pitman 80, having its lower end pivota-lly connected, as shown at 81, with a crank 82. This crank is connected with a crankshaft 83, which is journaled through the walls of the crank case 76. A fly-wheel 84 is rigidly connected with one end of the crank shaft 83, as shown. The crank shaft 83 is further provided upon its opposite end with a cam 85, which is rigidly connectedwith the same and disposed to oscillate a horizontally disposed lever 86, pivoted to the crank case, as shown at 87. This lever has one end thereof connected with a retractile coil spring 88, the opp0- site end of which is connected with the crank case, as shown .at 88. A pump 89 is provided, which is similar in construction to the pump described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, and therefore no detail descrlption of this pump will be given. The pump 89 is vertically disposed, and is rigidly connected to the crank case, shownat 90. The plunger 91 of the pump 89, is

pivotally connected with a link-92, which in turn is pivoted to the lever 86, as showii at 93. A pipe 94 serves to establish communication between the pump 89 and the interior of the explosion cylinder of the engine. This pipe 94 enters the explosion cylinder at a point approximately equi -distant between the head of the cylinder and the head 78 of the piston head, when said piston head .is in its lowermost position. The pipe 94 is provided with a check valve- 95, which prevents the pressure within the explosion cylinder from being conducted to the pump 89. The-explosion cylinder 7 5 is provided with an exhaust port'96, which is uncovered by .the piston head before the same reaches its lowermost position. A pipe 97 establishes communication between-.the crank case and the explosion cylinder, said pipe enters the explosion cylinder at a point The crank case is provided with an inlet pipe 98, which is to be provided with a check valve.

300, F. The amount of the water to be.

injected into the engine may be regulatedby the valve 414:. In this form of my invention the centrifugal governor may be disensed with, and the amount of the water injected within the'cylinder is sufficient to properly cool the exploded charge and the walls of the cylinder 75, and other parts exposed to the heat of combustion, when the engine is operating at zero load. The increased temperature of the exploded charge when a load is placedupon the engine, is

not sufficient in an engine. of this type to causea'ny trouble. v p

I wish it understood that the form of my invention herewith shown and described, is to be taken as a preferred example, and that certain changes may be resorted to in the shape, size and arrangement of parts, without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claim.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letter Patent, is:

In an internal. combustion engine of the character described, a substantially horizon-' tally arranged explosion cylinder provided with inlet and exhaust-means, valves to control said means a lever having pivotal connection intermediate its ends with said explosion cylinder for supplying acooling medium within said cylinder at a pointnear the forward end of the same, acentrifugal governor to actuate said three-way valve structure, an outer casing surrounding the explosion cylinder for forming a water space therebetween, a conduit for establishing communication between said water space vand tank, a conduit'for supplying material within the outer casing, and a check valve connected with the third named-conduit.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CLAUDE M. GARLAND.

WVitnesses PAULINE A. FRECH, HARRY FRECH. 

